Forensic Document Examination

Here is the List of Questions with Answers along with explanation

Que 1. Doctor Blade is used to remove the excess of the ink from the platen/plate of the printing surface, in case of …..

a. Lithography

b. Screen Printing

c. Intaglio Printing

d. Letter Press Printing

Answer - c) Intaglio Printing

Explanation: The major components of a rotogravure press (Intaglio Printing) include the engraved cylinder (the plate), the ink fountain, a doctor blade is used to remove the  ink from the nonprinting area, and the impression roller.

Que 2. Optical Character Reader feature in Video Spectral Comparator is used to read …..

a. Handwritten/Printed mated on security document

b. Passport Data Page

c.  Signature

d. Bank Note Serial Numbers

Answer -  b) Passport Data Page

Explanation: OCR feature in VSC enables user to read and verify ICAO codes on passports, ID cards and visas.

Que 3. In simulated forgeries; forger pays attention to the …..

a. Pen pressure of the writings

b. Movement of writings

c. Speed of writings

d. Manner of formation and shape of characters

Answer -  d) Manner of formation and shape of characters

Explanation: The simulated forgery, or “free hand forgery” as it is sometime known, is the usual bill of fare for the questioned document examiner. This forgery is constructed by using a genuine signature as a model. The forger generates an artistic reproduction of this model. Depending on his skill and amount of practice, the simulation may be quite good and bear remarkable pictorial similarity to the genuine signature.

Que 4. “Trash Marks” are looked for and are useful in the examination of ….

a. Photocopies

b. Intaglio Printing

c. Typewritten Documents

d. Offset Printing

Answer -  a) Photocopies

Explanation: Specks of dirt present on glass of photocopier machine is known as Trash Mark. Trash mark that result from dirt on the glass will leave a mark on the photocopy.

Que 5. Two signatures when exactly superimpose over each other, it is sign of …..

a. Poor skilled signature

b. Forged signatures

c. Genuine signature

d. Skillful signature

Answer -  b) Forged signatures

Explanation: Signature forgery refers to the act of falsely replicating the signature of another person where superimposed signature can   be created with the help of technology. This can be best examined by using VSC instruments.

Que 6. Optical fibre works on the …..

a. Principle of refraction

b. Scattering

c. Interference

d. Total Internal Reflection

Answer -  d) Total Internal Reflection

Explanation: An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide (non-conducting waveguide) that transmits light along its axis, by the process of total internal reflection. The fiber consists of a core surrounded by a cladding layer, both of which are made of dielectric materials.

Que 7. Nobel Laureate Dennis Gabor is known for scientific work on …..

a. Scanning Electron Microscope

b. Holography

c. X-Ray Diffraction

d. Electrostatic Detection Apparatus

Answer -  b) Electrostatic Detection Apparatus

Explanation: Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. A hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than an   image formed by a lens. The holographic medium, i.e., the object produced by a holographic process (which itself may be referred to as a hologram) is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light. Holography was invented by Dennis Gabor in 1948.

Que 8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. A questioned sample is sometimes referred to as a disputed sample

b. A class characteristic is one that enables writing to be uniquely identified

c. Individual characteristics are unique to a particular writer

d. Class characteristics enable writing to be placed into a particular category

Answer -  b) A class characteristic is one that enables writing to be uniquely identified

Explanation: Class Characteristics are properties of physical evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single   source. If evidence is determined to possess class characteristics it may serve as a mechanism to reduce the number of suspects, but it cannot   be directly connected to one person or source.

Que 9. Assertion (A): Identification of the author of forged signatures may be possible in case of free hand forgeries.

Reason (R): Because it is a process where a forger tries to hide his own writing habits unsuccessfully:

a. (A) is correct and (R) is wrong

b. (A) is wrong and (R) is correct

c. Both (A) and (R) are correct.

d. Both (A) and (R) are wrong.

Answer -  c) Both (A) and (R) are correct.

Explanation: Signatures examined by the forensic document examiner for authenticity will eventually be categorized as genuine, or not   genuine,  if the examination leads to a definitive opinion. “Forgery” in a strict sense is a legal term and its use as a conclusion should probably be  avoided by the questioned document examiner. Often a signature in of itself may be valid, but the manner in which it has been acquired or  affixed to the document, or the sequence of events involved in its use are fraudulent.

Que 10. Statement I - “Avoidance of own writing characteristics without following others writing  habits”. 

Statement II- “Avoidance of own writings characteristics and efforts of following others writing habits”. 

Statement I & II are two statements refer to:

a. Forgery of signatures/ writings

b. Forgery and disguise respectively

c. Traced forgery of signatures

d. Disguise and forgery respectively

Answer - d) Disguise and forgery respectively

Explanation: Disguised writing is any deliberate attempt to alter one's handwriting to prevent recognition. Anonymous letters, blackmail   attempts, ransom notes, threats, and similar documents are created by writers who feel their altered handwriting cannot be attributed to them. Forgery typically is defined as writing or altering a document with the intent to defraud. Document examiners may be able to determine   whether a document was altered or written by someone other than the stated author, but determining whether the writer's intent was to defraud is   left up to a judge or jury.