Basics of DNA Fingerprinting
Basics of DNA Fingerprinting Quiz Crafted by -
Priya Sharma
Assistant Professor
Forensic Science
Chandigarh University
Introduction to Basics of DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting is a technique which is used to establish a link between a biological evidence and a suspect in the process of Criminal Investigation. The aim of analysing DNA on a genetic level for forensic casework is to produce a DNA profile or Fingerprint of the DNA that is highly discriminating, the ideal analysis would be to generate a DNA profile that is unique to each individual. This allows biological evidence from the scene of a crime to be matched to an individual with a high degree of confidence and is a very powerful forensic evidence. The ability to produce highly discriminating profiles is dependent on indviduals being different at the genetic level and with the exception of identical twins, no two individuals, even ones who appear very different are actually very similar at the genetic level.
From a forensic point of view there is very little sense in analysing the 99.9% of human DNA that is common between individuals. Therefore, luckily there are well defined regions within the genome which varies between individuals and these have become the focus of forensic genetics.
Let's look at the questions and their answers:
Que 1. In FTATM paper DNA extraction, FTA stands for
a) Forensic Transfer Analysis
b) Flinders Technology Associates
c) Fourier Transform Absorption
d) Free Trade Agreements
Answer - b) Flinders Technology Associates
Que 2. Which of the following is the best method for packing DNA evidence?
a) Paper Bags
b) Plastic Bags with Seal
c) High Density Polyethylene Bags
d) Low Density Polyethylene Bags
Answer - a) Paper Bags
Que 3. The reference blood sample should be preserved in
a) 0.5% w/v of EDTA
b) Heparin
c) Both a) and b)
d) None of the above
Answer - c) Both a) and b)
Que 4. The oxidation of DNA can be inhibited by:
a) DNase Enzyme
b) Oxidizing Agent
c) Mercaptoethanol
d) SDS Detergent
Answer - c) Mercaptoethanol
Que 5. What is the percentage of Mitochondrial DNA and Nuclear DNA per cell?
a) 99.75% Nuclear DNA and 0.25% Mitochondrial DNA
b) 0.25% Nuclear DNA and 99.75% Mitochondrial DNA
c) 50% Mitochondrial DNA and 50% Nuclear DNA
d) 70% Mitochondrial DNA and 20% Nuclear DNA
Answer - a) 99.75% Nuclear DNA and 0.25% Mitochondrial DNA
Que 6. How many copies of Nuclear DNA present per cell?
a) More than 100 copies
b) 1 copy
c) 2 copies
d) 4-5 copies
Answer - c) 2 copies
Que 7. Which step is not a part of DNA extraction process?
a) Cell and Tissue Disruption
b) Lysis of Membrane and Organelles
c) Addition of Reducing Agents
d) Separation of DNA fragments based on Size
Answer - d) Separation of DNA fragments based on Size
Que 8. A Nucleoside is not composed of
a) Sugar molecule
b) A Phosphorus-containing group
c) A Nitrogen-containing molecule
d) 2'-deoxyribose
Answer - b) A Phosphorus-containing group
Que 9. An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited is called as
a) Reference Sample
b) Substance Control
c) Substrate Control
d) Question Sample
Answer - c) Substrate Control
Que 10. How many regions of Mitochondrial DNA have been found to be highly variable in the human population?
a) Two
b) Four
c) One
d) Hundred
Answer - a) Two
Que 11. The phenomenon of transferring DNA via Skin Cells onto the surface of an object has come to be called
a) Polymorphic DNA
b) Transfer DNA
c) Touch DNA
d) Fragmented DNA
Answer - c) Touch DNA
Que 12. Amelogenin gene is located on
a) X chromosome
b) Y chromosome
c) Both X and Y
d) Neither X nor Y
Answer - c) Both X and Y
Que 13. The number of base pairs present in Mitochondrial DNA are
a) 1,2289 bp
b) 23,998 bp
c) 16,569 bp
d) 18,678 bp
Answer - c) 16,569 bp
Que 14. CODIS stands for
a) Central DNA Information System
b) Combined DNA Information System
c) Centre of DNA Integrated System
d) Combined DNA Index System
Answer - d) Combined DNA Index System
Que 15. A mixed DNA sample (male and female) was collected from a crime scene. The most appropriate technique for DNA extraction will be
a) Chelex Extraction
b) Differential Extraction
c) Organic Extraction
d) Chloroform Extraction
Answer - b) Differential Extraction